Traveling and Moving With NFA Items: Form 5320.20
If you own NFA items, you need to understand the rules for crossing state lines. Some NFA items require advance ATF permission to travel between states; others do not. Getting this wrong can turn a road trip or a move into a federal problem.
The key tool is ATF Form 5320.20, a free application for permission to transport certain NFA firearms interstate. This guide explains which items need it and how to file.
This is general information, not legal advice; verify with the ATF or a qualified attorney.
Which items need 5320.20 approval
Federal law requires advance ATF approval before you transport a short-barreled rifle, short-barreled shotgun, machine gun, or destructive device across state lines. You request this permission on Form 5320.20.
This applies whether the move is temporary (a hunting trip, a competition) or permanent (relocating to a new state). Get the approval before you cross the line.
- SBRs: 5320.20 required
- SBSs: 5320.20 required
- Machine guns: 5320.20 required
- Destructive devices: 5320.20 required
Which items are exempt
Suppressors and AOWs do not require a Form 5320.20 to be transported across state lines. You can travel with them freely between states where they are legal, without asking the ATF first.
That said, you should still confirm the item is legal in your destination state, since a few states ban suppressors or restrict AOWs regardless of federal registration.
How to file Form 5320.20
Form 5320.20 is free to file and can be submitted through the ATF eForms system. You provide your information, describe the item, and state where and when you plan to transport it. Approval is typically valid for a set period, and you can request coverage for multiple trips within that window.
Carry a copy of the approved 5320.20 with the item while traveling.
Moving to a new state
A permanent move is a transport event, so an SBR, SBS, machine gun, or DD owner should file a 5320.20 before relocating with the item. Before you move, also confirm the item is legal in the new state — some states ban categories that are federally legal.
If your destination bans the item, you may need to arrange lawful storage or transfer before relocating.
Frequently asked questions
Do I need permission to drive my suppressor to another state?
No. Suppressors and AOWs are exempt from the Form 5320.20 interstate transport requirement. Just confirm the suppressor is legal in your destination state before traveling with it.
Which items require a Form 5320.20?
Short-barreled rifles, short-barreled shotguns, machine guns, and destructive devices require an approved Form 5320.20 before crossing state lines, whether temporarily or permanently.
How much does Form 5320.20 cost?
It is free. You can file it through the ATF eForms system, and approval typically covers a defined period during which you may transport the item.
What should I do before moving to a new state with an SBR?
File a Form 5320.20 for the move and confirm the item is legal in your destination state. If the new state bans it, arrange lawful storage or a transfer before you relocate.
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Last reviewed 2026-07-07.